- PLIVAČKO UVO je upala spoljašnjeg ušnog kanala koja se češće viđa kod odraslih uglavnom u toku leta. Javlja se I kod dece I tinejdzera, ali u nešto manjem procentu. Naziva se plivačko uvo jer se često javlja kod plivača nakon kontakta sa vodom, kao što je plivanje u bazenu, jezeru, moru… . Nastaje zbog zaostatka vode nakon kupanja I plivanja, stvarajući vlažnu sredinu koja je povoljna za rast bakterija I gljivica.
- Upala uha je lako prepoznatljiva jer ima vrlo neugodne I nagle Jak bol lokalizovan u predelu upaljenog uha, najčešće bez ikakvog uvoda je karakterističan simptom. Bol se širi na celu ušnu školjku koja je I na blag dodir jako osetljiva. Spoljašnji slušni kanal je otečen I pacijent ima utisak da je uvo zapušeno I da slabije čuje. Pre pojave bola, retko je uvod u upalni proces svrab I peckanje u uhu koji su, ukoliko postoje kratkog trajanja. Kod jačih upala bol se može proširiti ka licu I vratu, takođe može biti prisutan I sekret iz upaljenog uveta, crvenilo, pa čak I povišena telesna temperatura i otečeni limfni čvorovi na vratu.
- Za upale spoljašnjeg slušnog kanala kažemo da su sezonskog karaktera jer se javljaju uglavnom u toku leta, za vreme sezone kupanja. Tokom plivanja, ronjenja, tuširanja, boravka u vlažnoj sredini dolazi do zadržavanja male količine mikrobiološki neispravne vode. Bakterije lako prodiru kroz kožu kanala, razmnožavaju se I dovode do upalnog procesa koji je jako bolan ukoliko se odmah ne prepozna I ne leči. Nisu samo plivači izloženi riziku. Upala spoljašnjeg uveta se može razviti I kod osoba sa prekomernim nakupljanjem cerumena / ušne masti/, kod osoba koje koriste štapiće ili druge predmete za čišćenje kanala, ekcematozno izmenjene kože, osoba koje koriste slušne aparate… ili pak kod osoba koje anatomski imaju uske kanale pa voda lako ostaje zarobljena/ uglavnom kod dece/.
- Plivačko uvo se lako prepoznaje od strane pacijenata I lako dijagnostikuje I leči od strane otorinolaringologa. Neophodno je uzeti bris uveta na bakteriološko I mikološko ispitivanje, napraviti toaletu ispiranjem ili na drugi odgovarajući način I propisati terapiju po antibiogramu. Uglavnom se lečenje svodi na propisivanje antibiotskih ili antimikotičnih kapi ili masti koje pacijent sam primenjuje 7 dana ili je neophodno lečenje u orl ordinacijama na drugi dan takozvanim štrajfnama / posebne gaze sa lekom/. Naravno, uvek je prisutan jak bol I neophodno je da pacijent prvih par dana uzima analgetik. Retko su opisane upale praćene I promenom opšteg stanja u smislu povišene telesne temperature, crvenila oko uveta. U tom slučaju propisujemo I antibiotike per os, ali opet po antibiogramu. Komplikacija koja je moguća je takozvana maligna eksterna, upala uveta koja se teško I sporo leči I javlja se uglavnom kod pacijenata koji su imunokompromitovani, kod dijabetičara ili kod pacijenata kod kojih nije uziman bris uveta na analizu a radi se o specifičnoj I rezistentnoj bakterijskoj upali. Jako je retka komplikacija I skoro da se I ne susrećemo sa njom u današnje vreme.
- Nikako ne savetujemo da se pacijenti sami leče, posebno ne da koriste pomenute narodske lekove jer mogu dovesti samo do pogoršanja upale. Imamo prilike da viđamo I uklanjamo iz uha I ceo čen belog luka što je vrlo komplikovano za lekara a bolno za pacijenta jer beli luk u ušnom kanalu bubri I jako ga je teško ukloniti. Svakako, analgetik ukoliko postoji bol I deci I odraslima I pregled otorinolaringologa. Ako nam otorinolaringolog nije dostupan, kao ni laboratorija u kojoj bi se uzeo bris uha, preporuka su antibiotske kapi u uvo, lek protiv bolova do odlaska lekaru. Ne treba samoinicijativno uključivati antibiotik sistemski, per os, jer se ovakve upale uglavnom leče samo lokalno / kapima, mastima /.
- Pacijenti sa prekomernim nakupljanjem cerumena uglavnom imaju svoj redovni ritam ispiranja, čišnjenja od strane svog orl lekara, učimo ih samo da to bude pre sezone kupanja. Takođe, preporuka su I preparati u obliku spreja sa maslinovim uljem I 3% Hidrogenom koje koriste pre I posle kupanja. eventualno upotreba čepića za uši osobama koje su jako osetljive I imaju iskustvo sa upalama uha. Relativno česte povrede kože špoljašnjeg slušnog kanala, pa I bubne opne štapićima za uši su dovoljan dokaz da ih ne treba koristiti. Nakon tuširanja, kupanja vodu pokupiti samo peškirom, spolja.
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